This retracts the article "<a href="https://lnep.eliwise.ac/article.html?pk=de4e7534987d4d1babddbf81c031655e">Influence of Parenting Style on Self-efficacy of Children</a>", in volume ICEIPI 2021 on page 270."

Critical period hypothesis, a popular topic of great significance in language acquisition, was initially deprived from first language acquisition, and further applied to second language acquisition though disputes remain. Former researchers have done myriads of empirical study and concluded diverse theories. This paper purports to briefly review former researches of critical period hypothesis in both first language acquisition and second language acquisition, and then try to probe its interrelation with age effect and implicit learning.

"We Media" has risen rapidly and recently become an inseparable part of people's lives. Its diversification, Civilization, and Generalization are the main factors for the rapid development of "We Media." However, the "We Media" industry's proliferation has brought about two problems: the sustainability of content creation and the difficulty of realization caused by the single profit model. Many content creators find it difficult to survive in an expanding marketplace due to a lack of professional content. MCN companies were born at this time. As a medium between content creators and online platforms, MCN companies can provide better publicity for content creators and create a suitable business model. This paper analyzes the current situation and prospect of "We Media" and MCN companies to provide better development direction for "We Media" and MCN companies.

This research uses conversation analysis to investigate an institutional discourse within a 28-day university level IELTS preparation class. The goals of this research are to explore: a) repair strategies taken by students and the teacher b) the pattern of turn-taking in an IELTS training class of speaking test. Findings show that the pattern of this result-oriented training class is IRF cycle, and that the most popular strategy applied by the teacher is recast.

Depression is a common mental health problem worldwide and the incidence rate of depression may increase by 15% in adolescence. One of the factors that may contribute to the increasing incidence rate of depression in adolescence is sleep problems. However, the mechanism of the influence of sleep problems on depression in adolescence was still unclear. In this study, existed literature that focused on the relationship between depression and sleep problems was reviewed. Evidence indicated that academic performance, social media abuse and emotion process were three possible factors that played roles in the relationship of depression and sleep problems in adolescents. By review the research on each individual factor, academic performance is not verified to be a key factor in the relationship between sleep problems and depression. The social media abuse is believed to be an important external factor rather than an internal mechanism. In fact, emotional process is convinced to be the core internal factor that mediates between sleep problems and depression in adolescence.

After entering the elementary school, children begin to conduct purposive and systematic learning activities under the guidance of teachers. The objective evaluation standard of learning activities, that is, the academic performance, is also receiving more and more attention. This research explores the non-intelligence factors that affect the academic performance of primary school students, mainly focusing on their personal factors and family factors. Among the personal factors, self-regulation, motivation, personality and fitness all have significant impacts on academic achievement. In terms of family factors, parental involvement, family emotional environment and socioeconomic status are all related to the academic performance of primary school students.

This paper compares the two most common analyses of gapless relative clause such as Zhangsan tan gangqin de shengyin (literally, ‘the sound of Zhangsan’s playing the piano’) in Mandarin Chinese. Such construction is analyzed to hold either a noun-complement relation [1, 2] or a predicate-subject relation [3] between the Head noun and its gapless relative clause. This paper rather rejects both analyses by collecting and analyzing more data of gapless relative clause, regular relative clause and appositive clause, suggesting such gapless relative construction to be independently existent from the other two constructions.

Taking the bilingual phenomena in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as the research object, this article reviews the trend and development direction of Korean language evolution in Yanbian by examining the language variation in the long-term Korean-Chinese bilingual contact in the region and the changes of language attitudes and language use among the Korean nationality. The results show that the use of Korean is weakened, and some young Korean minorities switch to another language. Therefore, this article proposes that Yanbian should focused on bilingual education, optimize national language textbooks, increase Korean-Chinese national cultural courses, improve the quality of bilingual teachers, connect parents, schools and society, and strengthen national identity.

This study explores the relationship between cognitive load and task motivation of three listening-based tasks via mobile assisted language learning (MALL). The investigation was conducted with 65 English language learners in three WeChat groups in China. A cognitive load questionnaire and a task motivation questionnaire were administered to the participants. Using a quantitative method approach to the study, we have found that the participants’ perceived low cognitive load did not necessarily have an inverse relationship with task motivation, which depended on the germane cognitive load and a balance between the intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load. Only when there was a certain amount of germane load and intrinsic cognitive load, and the amount of the intrinsic and the extraneous cognitive load was in a balance, was the task motivation predictable. This study can shed light on task designers and future research to plan and integrate a mobile language learning pedagogical framework.

The aim of this study was to validate a scheme to code maternal elaboration in a non-memory context in order to explore its relation with maternal depression both concurrently and longitudinally. The study explored the maternal depression at four time points (8, 15, 26, 44 months after giving birth) and five coding styles of maternal conversation. The coding styles for maternal conversation were as follows: MQ-Elab, YN-Elab, ST-Elab, CONF, and REP. The study indicated that the maternal depression showed a negative correlation with styles of maternal conversation at the 8-month age. The correlation between maternal depression and maternal elaboration has become weaker as time goes by. These findings suggested that the maternal depression was correlated with the maternal elaboration, providing both theoretical and practical contributions for future research and application in reality.

There are a number of models that describe communication processes in children of typical development, while communication models in children with developmental disabilities, especially children with ADHD, have not been researched to such extent. Communication is defined as a complex process of transmitting messages from person to person, using signals (visual/auditory) from a sender to a recipient. Since communication involves a recipient and a sender of information, there are many factors that can affect the outcome of the communication process such as attention variability, as well as auditory and visual stimuli that can enhance or interfere in communication processes. The goal of communication is to provide as accurate and unaltered information as possible, while rising noise in the communication channel increases the likelihood that the information will be transmitted only partially or might be misinterpreted. The topic of this paper is the analysis of a modern communication model where emphasis is placed on visual and auditory perception, and their particularities in relation to the variability of attention as one of the most important elements of perception. The variability of attention consists of auditory and visual information processing including the time required to respond, ommision errors and errors caused by attention lapses. By studying the results of experimental research, we gain insight into the communication processes of children with ADHD, especially the particularities of the reception, processing and interpretation of auditory and/or visual stimuli, which significantly affects the communication process itself. At the cognitive level, the scientific contribution was achieved through the presentation of the particularities of the communication model in children with ADHD, and at the methodological level through the development of original methodology for qualitative comparison of stimulus thresholds by using statistical parameter analysis, while at the practical level in originality through the application of created information concepts of the communication process.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) as an ability and psychological well-being. We hypothesized that EI as an ability positively correlates with psychological well-being. EI was measured using the Russian-language Emotional Intelligence Test (EIT), conceptually based on the MSCEIT method. Psychological well-being was measured using the Psychological Well-being Scale. The sample consisted of 243 working adults from Russia (61 men, 182 women, average age = 36.1, aged 18 to 67 years). The results showed that higher levels of emotional intelligence were statistically significantly correlated with higher levels of psychological well-being. The experiential domain of EI was the key factor of emotional intelligence associated with psychological well-being. These findings indicate the importance of the impact of EI on the psychological well-being of a person.

This study delves into the effects of implementing a FC model in teaching L2 grammar to Chinese students at the university level, in which the traditional learning procedure was reversed by replacing in-class grammar instruction with input presented in the form of pre-class online materials like PPT and online video. The idea of inquiring into the attitudinal change of Chinese EFL learners towards FC is central to this study with an attempt to explain it. The participants were 30 EFL students who have completed their education from primary school to university in China, with the expectation that they can further their studies in Australian schools. Three instruments were used to collect data: three questionnaires were distributed at different stages of curriculum development to collect quantitative data for revealing the changing trajectory of students' attitudes towards FC, along with the qualitative data acquired from interviews to dig into the root of students’ perspective toward FC classroom. The results indicated a promising trend regarding the students’ perspectives on FC, that is, students' attitude towards FC was becoming increasingly positive in despite of a rather low starting point.

With the continuous development of the Internet, the sharing and opening of high￾quality resources not only improves the level of educational resources serving teaching, but also bring opportunities and challenges to the reform of junior high school education and teaching. Under the background of a global COVID-19 outbreak, the whole-time and whole￾scale online education is a necessary teaching approach in the pandemic situation. Based on the inevitable advent of the era of online education, this paper takes the junior high school online English listening and speaking courses as its study object. From the perspective of studying online listening and speaking education and with relevant teaching theories, it tries to put forward solutions to the problems existing in the current online education of English listening and speaking through analyzing the problems in English teaching on the “est100” platform. There is much research on the teaching of junior high school students' English listening and speaking ability, but little from the perspective of online education. On the basis of existing research results, this paper discusses the shortcomings of current online English listening and speaking education with cases, and puts forward suggestions for improvement, so as to provide reference for further optimization of online English listening and speaking education.

As a new agent appearing on social network, virtual influencers are becoming a strong force to be reckoned with worldwide due to their hyper-realistic appearance and distinctive personality, which sparks hot discussion of real and virtual issues in social media. This paper take an Instagram virtual influencer, Imma as analysis object, explores her interaction with followers in light of parasocial theory. Case study and content analysis have been used as main methods. Through analysis, it can be proposed that the reality in social media should not be limited to physical form of entity, and the reality in psychological existence is also a type of reality.

Both certified teachers and volunteers participate in short-term teaching experiences abroad, but the length of time is concerning in terms of teacher preparation. This paper reviews the body of research that has investigated the teaching methods and short-term program practices that prepare teachers for short-term experiences teaching abroad. The review suggests a program including professional development, deliberate reflection, and cultural and language immersion be offered for teachers before, during, and following their short-term experience. The review also offers direction for future research including the need for experimental and causal-comparative research on the effects of short-term international teachers on student achievement.

Previous research proved that working memory is closely related to fluid intelligence, but the role of working memory on fluid intelligence is unclear. This review summarizes previous studies to explore the core mechanism of working memory which have influence on the fluid intelligence. There were the two mechanisms of working memory, storage system and central executive system, associated with fluid intelligence. The storage system is more important and it may mediate the effect of central executive system on fluid intelligence.

The purpose of this study was to research the differences and connection between examination-oriented education and quality education which are two significant educational systems nowadays. Based on the concrete phenomenon in China, British and United States, offering some proposals on Chinese educational system, and combine advanced educational concepts and guaranteed accountability system in British and US to lead a new way for Chinese quality education. Psychological method is also a valid method for Chinese high schools so that the students can feel the advantages of quality education.

Drama and film have a lot of differences in media expression. The differences in the treatment of contradictions, the treatment of plots and the construction of characters between the film "Mr. Donkey" and the drama "Mr. Donkey" can reflect the media differences between the drama and the film. First, drama emphasizes the stage, while film emphasizes the sense of reality. Second, the conflict of drama is concentrated, while the conflict of film is progressive. Third, drama is about integrity, while film is about focus and detail. Fourthly, the climax of drama often includes the dramatic actions of characters, while the climax of film can be interpreted through audio-visual language.

There has had a strong "boy preference" in China since ancient times. The birth ratio has increased in recent years, which has exacerbated the imbalance in the ratio of men to women. This imbalance has brought negative effects on the stable development of a moral society and the marriage market. This paper uses CHIP survey data, taking household consumption expenditure on non-essential goods as a proxy variable for household happiness, and using least squares estimation and maximum likelihood estimation to compare the differences in household happiness in different children’s gender. The research results show that daughters bring higher happiness to the family than sons. This conclusion has certain guiding significance for solving the problem of China's gender ratio imbalance.